Which system advocates minimal government interference in commerce?

• A. Issue network
• B. Bureaucracy
• C. Iron triangle
• D. Laissez-faire

Answer: (D)

Minimal government interference in commerce is the idea behind laissez-faire. It argues that markets work best when the government stays out of the way—fewer regulations, lower taxes, and less state intervention—so private enterprises and competition drive prices, innovation, and economic decisions. In this view, the economy is guided by voluntary exchange and market forces rather than centralized planning.

The other terms describe ways policy is shaped rather than an economic stance toward government involvement. An issue network is a broad, informal coalition of groups and individuals who influence policy on a given issue. A bureaucracy is the set of government agencies that implement laws. An iron triangle refers to a stable relationship among certain agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups that can influence policy outcomes. None of these express a doctrine of minimal government involvement in commerce in the way laissez-faire does.