Which term describes agencies pursuing overlapping tasks leading to redundancy?

• A. Conflict
• B. Imperialism
• C. Duplication
• D. Turf battles

Answer: (C)

Overlapping tasks among agencies that lead to redundant work are described as duplication. When multiple agencies perform the same or very similar functions, it wastes resources, creates coordination challenges, and blurs accountability. Duplication directly pinpoints the problem of unnecessary repetition of effort across the bureaucracy. For example, two agencies collecting the same data or issuing similar licenses wastes time, money, and staff effort without adding new value. The other terms describe different situations: conflict refers to friction or disagreement between agencies; turf battles are about competing for control and resources; imperialism involves expanding power beyond authorized boundaries. Duplication is the best fit because it specifically captures the idea of redundant, overlapping tasks across agencies. Reform efforts often aim to reduce duplication by consolidating functions or clarifying responsibilities.